The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. [ GOC:cls GOC:dgh GOC:dph http://openisbn.com/search.php?q=0838580343&isbn=1/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/go/references/0000021 GOC:jid ]